Tissue and organ development during embryogenesis relies on the collective and
coordinated action of many cells. Recent studies have revealed that tissue material …

Cell–cell junctions are specializations of the plasma membrane responsible for physically
integrating cells into tissues. We are now beginning to appreciate the diverse impacts that …

Tissue homeostasis requires maintenance of functional integrity under stress. A central
source of stress is mechanical force that acts on cells, their nuclei, and chromatin, but how …

Tissue morphogenesis requires the collective, coordinated motion and deformation of a
large number of cells. Vertex model simulations for tissue mechanics have been developed …

Tissue mechanics drive morphogenesis, but how forces are sensed and transmitted to
control stem cell fate and self-organization remains unclear. We show that a …

The dynamic behavior of epithelial cell sheets plays a central role during numerous
developmental processes. Genetic and imaging studies of epithelial morphogenesis in a …

We review the general hydrodynamic theory of active soft materials that is motivated in
particular by biological matter. We present basic concepts of irreversible thermodynamics of …

During development, mechanical forces cause changes in size, shape, number, position,
and gene expression of cells. They are therefore integral to any morphogenetic processes …

Cell migration underlies tissue formation, maintenance, and regeneration as well as
pathological conditions such as cancer invasion. Structural and molecular determinants of …

How tissue shape emerges from the collective mechanical properties and behavior of
individual cells is not understood. We combine experiment and theory to study this problem …