Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences
and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

Strongly interacting artificial spin systems are moving beyond mimicking naturally occurring
materials to emerge as versatile functional platforms, from reconfigurable magnonics to …

Recent advances in nanotechnology allow model systems to be constructed, in which
frustrated interactions can be tuned at will, such as artificial spin ice. The symmetry of the …

Artificial spin ice comprises a class of frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain
ferromagnetic nanostructures. Previous studies of artificial spin ice have focused on simple …

Recently, significant interest has emerged in fabricated systems that mimic the behavior of
geometrically frustrated materials. We present the full realization of such an artificial spin ice …

Geometric frustration arises when lattice structure prevents simultaneous minimization of
local interaction energies. It leads to highly degenerate ground states and, subsequently, to …

This review collects and describes experiments that employ colloidal suspensions to probe
physics in ordered and disordered solids and related complex fluids. The unifying feature of …

Patterning nanomagnets in three-dimensions presents a new paradigm in condensed matter
physics and allows access to a plethora of phenomena including robust spin textures …

Direct measurements of spin fluctuations are becoming the mainstream approach for studies
of complex condensed matter, molecular, nuclear, and atomic systems. This review covers …