Since 2006, several longitudinal studies have assessed environmental or behavioural
factors that seem to modify the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Increased risk of …

Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the
agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals …

Fueled by aging populations and continued environmental contamination, the global burden
of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing. The disease, or more appropriately diseases …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor
symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological …

The identification of MPTP, a relatively simple compound which causes selective
degeneration of the substantia nigra after systemic administration, has had an a significant …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder
that begins in mid to late life and is characterized by motor impairment, autonomic …

Objective Bradford Hill's viewpoints were used to conduct a weight-of-the-evidence
assessment of the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and rural living, farming …

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions around the world. The Braak hypothesis proposes
that in PD a pathologic agent may penetrate the nervous system via the olfactory bulb, gut …

There is evidence from observational studies for a role of a number of environmental
exposures and lifestyle habits in modulating the risk for Parkinson's disease. Environmental …

The brain-and body-first models of Lewy body disorders predict that aggregated alpha-
synuclein pathology usually begins in either the olfactory system or the enteric nervous …