The blast furnace is a highly energy-intensive, highly polluting, and extremely complex
reactor in the ironmaking process. Soft sensors are a key technology for predicting molten …

In recent years, interest in artificial intelligence and the integration of Industry 4.0
technologies to improve and monitor steel production conditions has increased. Every day …

The main way to produce cast iron is in the blast furnace. In the production of hot metal, the
control of silicon is important. Alumina and silica react chemically with limestone and …

Synthetic natural gas (SNG) can be obtained by methanation. Many thermodynamic reaction
details involved in this process are not yet fully known. In this chapter, a comprehensive …

The automotive industry is one of the largest industrial segments in the world market. The
exhaust system of motor vehicles is responsible for the emission and treatment of toxic …

The submerged arc furnace is widely regarded as one of the most promising ore smelting
technologies. However, the real-time monitoring of the multiple physical fields including …

Blast furnaces are chemical metallurgical reactors for the production of pig iron and slag.
The raw materials used (metallic feedstock) are sinter, granulated ore and pellets. The main …

In recent years, interest in artificial intelligence and the integration of Industry 4.0
technologies to improve and monitor steel production conditions has increased. In the …

在高能耗, 高污染, 极为复杂的冶炼过程中, 高炉是极为重要的反应器. 软测量技术是在线实时
预测反映高炉能耗和运行稳定性质量指标的关键技术, 在节能减排, 提高产品质量和带来经济 …

Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels have a duplex microstructure consisting of a ferritic matrix
and islands of austenite, the volume fraction of which depends on the chemical composition …