Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

Ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctica's floating ice shelves accounts for about half of
their mass loss in steady state, where gains in ice-shelf mass are balanced by losses. Ice …

STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2015 Page 1 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society Vol. 97, No. 8, August 2016 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2015 Brought …

Strong heat loss and brine release during sea ice formation in coastal polynyas act to cool
and salinify waters on the Antarctic continental shelf. Polynya activity thus both limits the …

We present a modelling study of processes controlling the summer melt of the Arctic sea ice
cover. We perform a sensitivity study and focus our interest on the thermodynamics at the ice …

In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere—carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—reached new record highs. The annual global …

The oceanic mixed layer is the gateway for the exchanges between the atmosphere and the
ocean; in this layer, all hydrographic ocean properties are set for months to millennia. A vast …

The oceans are traversed by a large-scale overturning circulation, essential for the climate
system as it sets the rate at which the deep ocean interacts with the atmosphere. The main …

FIG. S2. 10. Temperature trends (C decade–1) for the tropics at various tropospheric levels
for 1979–2016. The top box indicates trends for the tropical atmospheric layer known as the …

A 1/12° ocean model configuration of the Amundsen Sea sector is developed to better
understand the circulation induced by ice‐shelf melt and the impacts on the surrounding …