Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an
essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic …

Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends
largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which …

Metastatic cancer is almost always terminal, and more than 90% of cancer deaths result from
metastatic disease. Combating cancer metastasis and post-therapeutic recurrence …

Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only
vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex
network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) used for cancer immunotherapy were shown to boost the
existing anti-tumor immune response by preventing the inhibition of T cells by tumor cells …

Breast cancer becomes invasive when carcinoma cells invade through the basement
membrane (BM)—a nanoporous layer of matrix that physically separates the primary tumour …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate from the initial phases of cancer onset to the
settlement of a metastatic niche in a second organ. Their role in cancer progression is …

The immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms to balance an extensive immune
response. Distinct immunosuppressive cells could protect from excessive tissue damage …

The microenvironment encompasses all components of a tumor other than the cancer cells
themselves. It is highly heterogenous, comprising a cellular component that includes …