States formalize some relations into military alliances. A formal commitment could increase
credibility by signaling an intention to come to the aid of another state or by creating …

International law has enjoyed a recent renaissance as an important subfield of study within
international relations. Two trends are evident in the recent literature. First, the obsession …

Political and civil discourse in the United States is characterized by “Truth Decay,” defined
as increasing disagreement about facts, a blurring of the line between opinion and fact, an …

It is widely claimed that secondary states across East Asia are not purely balancing or
bandwagoning, but rather hedging between the United States and China by combining …

International relations are generally understood as a realm of anarchy in which countries
lack any superior authority and interact within a Hobbesian state of nature. In Hierarchy in …

The author distinguishes between two types of costly signals that state leaders might employ
in trying to credibly communicate their foreign policy interests to other states, whether in the …

Pollen grains are produced and dispersed as part of the plant reproductive process. They
are usually spherical or elliptical and in the size range 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm. The outer walls …

This is the second of three volumes surveying the state of the art in Game Theory and its
applications to many and varied fields, in particular to economics. The chapters in the …

Audience costs enable leaders to make credible commitments and to communicate their
intentions to their adversaries during a crisis. I explain audience costs by simultaneously …

Scholars have long debated the effects of military alliances on the likelihood of war, and no
clear support has emerged for the argument that alliances improve the prospects for peace …