Railway switch and crossing (S&C) systems have a very complex structure that requires not
only a large number of components (such as rails, check rails, switches, crossings, turnout …

Reliability plays an important role in the stable and safe operation of transportation systems.
The rail system is one of the vital sectors of transportation that has affected the process of …

Railways play a pivotal role in transportation systems worldwide. Effective maintenance
policies are crucial to guarantee the reliability and availability of such systems inserted in a …

This study focuses on the design and improvement of railway turnouts, which are critical yet
complex parts of the railway infrastructure. As they are responsible for track discontinuity and …

Reliability engineering of railway infrastructure aims to understand failure processes and to
improve the efficiency and effectiveness of investments and maintenance planning such that …

The turnouts in railway infrastructure constitute bottlenecks, limiting the capacity of the entire
railway network. These turnouts force speed limits due to their design and geometry. The …

In recent years, railway transport has been preferred intensively in local and intercity freight
and passenger transport. For this reason, it is of utmost importance that railway lines are …

Abstract Mega Railway Projects (MRPs) are expensive and account for an increasing
percentage of many a nation's annual infrastructure expenditure. These MRPs frequently …

Switches and Crossings (S&C) are a fundamental part of any railway network, they allow
trains to switch between tracks and to cross over other tracks. They consist of various …

To meet the increasing demands for availability at reasonable cost, operators and
maintainers of railway point machines are constantly looking for innovative techniques for …