Phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial
population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein (s) or not, or …

This map is an update of the edition 9 map by Berlyn et al.(MKB Berlyn, KB Low, and KE
Rudd, p. 1715–1902, in FC Neidhardt et al., ed., Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular …

The phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli is associated with the site‐specific
inversion of a short DNA element. Recombination at fim requires fimB and fimE, and their …

Historically, researchers have studied bacterial signaling as if it functioned as a set of
isolated, linear pathways. More recent studies, however, have demonstrated that many …

Background Inversion recombination elements present unique opportunities for computing
and information encoding in biological systems. They provide distinct binary states that are …

ABSTRACT A comparative study was performed to determine the effects of pH, osmolarity,
and human urine on the transcription of several fim genes, as well as the overall expression …

Type 1 fimbriae are a crucial factor for the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli during
the first steps of infection by mediating adhesion to epithelial cells. They are also required for …

Bacterial urinary tract infections represent the most common type of nosocomial infection. In
many cases, the ability of bacteria to both establish and maintain these infections is directly …

The leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) regulates transcription of the many genes of
the Lrp regulon, repressing some and activating others, some in response to L-Ieucine and …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections in
women, causing significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Adherence to host …