Efficient, safe, and comfortable electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for the creation of a
sustainable transport system. Distributed-driven EVs, which often use in-wheel motors …

Permanent magnet (PM) machines inevitably suffer from cogging force, which does not
contribute to the average output torque (force) but contributes as a type of torque (force) …

In-wheel motors bring a fundamental change in electric vehicle technology by removing
conventional mechanical components and freeing up space inside the vehicle body. This …

This paper proposes two approaches to minimize torque pulsations, including cogging
torque and electromagnetic torque ripple, for spoke-type interior permanent magnet (IPM) …

High cogging torque is a common drawback of the interior permanent magnet machine. In
this paper, a novel technique is adopted to reduce cogging torque and torque ripple by …

This paper presents the design considerations in cogging torque minimization in two types
of transverse flux machines. The machines have a double stator-single rotor configuration …

This article describes a simple cogging torque minimization procedure for interior permanent
magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs), consisting of a progressive modification of the …

The design problems of electric machines are actually treated as a kind of mixed-integer
problem, because the machine shapes are defined by some integer variables, such as …

The interaction between the permanent magnets and the armature teeth of the PMSM
generates cogging torque. It causes vibration and noise. Therefore, this paper establishes …

The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has a structure, in which a
permanent magnet is inserted inside the rotor and cogging torque is generated in its …