Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and
phenotypical expression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Risk of developing PD is twice as high …

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor
and bradykinesia and is a common neurologic ailment. Male sex and advancing age are …

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative
condition diagnosed in North America. We recently demonstrated, using multiple …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a common cause of morbidity and cognitive impairment in
older adults. Most clinicians who care for the elderly are not trained to diagnose these …

Suffering related to dementia is multifaceted because cognitive and physical functioning
slowly deteriorates. Advanced age and sex, two of the most prominent risk factors for …

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder.
Epidemiological studies on the incidence of PD are important to better understand the risk …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. We sought to
synthesize studies on the prevalence of PD to obtain an overall view of how the prevalence …

Background Increasing evidence supports an extensive and complex genetic contribution to
PD. Previous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have shed light on the genetic …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are
overactivated. Overactivation of these immune cells exacerbates the disease process and …

Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …