Refreshable tactile displays based on pin array technologies have a significant impact on
the education of children with visual impairments, but they are prohibitively expensive. To …

Pupil dynamics can represent an indirect measure of perception; thus, it has been broadly
explored in the auditory and visual fields. Although it is crucial for experiencing the outside …

In this paper, we investigate the use of friction based tactile displays for the simulation of
finely textured surfaces, as such displays offer a promising way for the development of …

We propose the use of a haptic touchscreen to convey graphical and mathematical concepts
through aural and/or vibratory tactile feedback. We hypothesize that an important application …

The refreshable Braille displays for visually impaired people should be portable and
capable of real-time display. To this end, the actuators used to move Braille dots should be …

This paper presents a novel pin-matrix tactile-display device that exhibits some
advantageous features for the blind: low cost, lightweight, compactness, and high portability …

We present a novel device mounted on the fingertip for acquiring and transmitting visual
information through haptic channels. In contrast to previous systems in which the user …

In this article, we propose and evaluate a novel audio-haptic map system to improve map
accessibility for the visually impaired while reading city maps and making pre-journey …

Biological skin has numerous functions like protection, sensing, expression, and regulation.
On the contrary, a robot's skin is usually regarded as a passive and static separation …

Piezoelectric Braille display unit is a device that displays refreshable Braille characters for
visually impaired people to read by touching. A Braille character consists of six or eight dots …