Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of
crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are …

RNA viruses have very compact genomes and so provide a unique opportunity to study how
evolution works to optimize the use of very limited genomic information. A widespread viral …

Most plant viruses are absolutely dependent on a vector for plant-to-plant spread. Although
a number of different types of organisms are vectors for different plant viruses, phloem …

Background The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a substrate protein changes its fate.
Notably, proteins typically tagged with a lysine48-linked polyubiquitin chain become …

In eukaryotes, ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) associate with microRNAs (miRNAs), short
interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and other classes of small RNAs to regulate target RNA or target …

Plant viruses are biotrophic pathogens that need living tissue for their multiplication and
thus, in the infection–defence equilibrium, they do not normally cause plant death. In some …

In plants, high disease resistance often results in a reduction of yield. Therefore, breeding
crops with balanced yield and disease resistance has become a major challenge. Recently …

ABSTRACT RNA silencing is an innate antiviral immunity response of plants and animals.
To counteract this host immune response, viruses have evolved an effective strategy to …

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are heterocyclic nitrogenous metabolites found across seven orders
of angiosperms, including Malpighiales (Erythroxylaceae) and Solanales (Solanaceae) …

Plant responses to pathogens depend on the rapid and effective coordination of microbial
perception and downstream signal transduction events. Detection of pathogen invasion …