Compared with traditional active cooling methods, thermoelectric coolers are more
accessible to be integrated with electronics as an effective thermal management solution …

Solid-state thermoelectric devices can directly convert electricity into cooling or enable heat
pumping through the Peltier effect. The commercialization of thermoelectric cooling …

Thermoelectric materials transfer heat and electrical energy, hence they are useful for power
generation or cooling applications. Many of these materials have narrow bandgaps …

The growing demand of thermal management in various fields such as miniaturized 5G
chips has motivated researchers to develop new and high-performance solid-state …

As the core component of any real thermoelectric cooling system, the Bi 2 Te 3-based
modules have been used for decades. Recently, n-type Mg 3 (Bi, Sb) 2 material was …

BACKGROUND Heat and electricity are two forms of energy that are at opposite ends of a
spectrum. Heat is ubiquitous, but with low quality, whereas electricity is versatile, but its …

Thermoelectricity offers a sustainable path to recover and convert waste heat into readily
available electric energy, and has been studied for more than two centuries. From the …

Thermoelectric (TE) materials have the capability of converting heat into electricity, which
can improve fuel efficiency, as well as providing robust alternative energy supply in multiple …

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can directly convert waste heat into electrical power. In
the last few decades, most research on thermoelectrics has focused on inorganic bulk …

Traditional cooling technologies, employing cooling refrigerants, have caused severe ozone
depletion and global warming. Alternatively, thermoelectric coolers, with the advantages of …