Over the past decade, we have observed a massive increase in the amount of information
describing protein sequences from a variety of organisms. 1, 2 While this may reflect the …

How the enormous structural and functional diversity of new genes and proteins was
generated (estimated to be 1010–1012 different proteins in all organisms on earth [Choi IG …

Based on early bioinformatic studies on a handful of species, the frequency of structural
disorder of proteins is generally thought to be much higher in eukaryotes than in …

Protein tandem repeats (TRs) are often associated with immunity-related functions and
diseases. Since that last census of protein TRs in 1999, the number of curated proteins …

abstract The evolution of complex multicellular life forms occurred multiple times and was
attended by cell type specialization. We review seven lines of evidence indicating that …

Understanding the function of intrinsically disordered proteins is intimately related to our
capacity to correctly sample their conformational dynamics. So far, a gap between …

FtsZ is a bacterial GTPase that is central to the spatial and temporal control of cell division. It
is a filament-forming enzyme that encompasses a well-folded core domain and a disordered …

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) direct the biosynthesis of clinically valuable secondary
metabolites in bacteria. The fidelity of chain growth depends on specific recognition between …

The dynamic structures and varying functions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have
made them fascinating subjects in molecular biology. Investigating IDP abundance in …

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce numerous structurally complex natural
products that have diverse applications in medicine and agriculture. PKSs typically consist of …