Efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of milk production through selection and management
of low-emitting cows require accurate and large-scale measurements of methane (CH 4) …

Carbohydrates are the major component of most ruminant feeds. The digestion of
carbohydrates in the rumen provides energy to the ruminants but also contributes to enteric …

Molecular hydrogen (H2) and formate (HCOO−) are metabolic end products of many primary
fermenters in the mammalian gut. Both play a vital role in fermentation where they are …

Pasture-based production systems represent a significant sustainable supplier of animal
source foods worldwide. For such systems, mounting evidence highlights the importance of …

Ruminant livestock is a major source of the potent greenhouse gas methane. The complex
rumen microbiome, consisting of bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes, facilitates …

At birth, calves display an underdeveloped rumen that eventually matures into a fully
functional rumen as a result of solid food intake and microbial activity. However, little is …

Ruminant livestock play a key role in global society through the conversion of
lignocellulolytic plant matter into high-quality sources of protein for human consumption …

The Australasian dairy industry is facing the dual challenges of increasing productivity, while
also reducing its emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) methane and nitrous oxide …

Annual forage crops can provide short-term grazing between crop rotations or can be
interseeded into perennial pastures to increase forage quality and productivity. They also …

Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant livestock production systems contribute
significantly to the environmental footprint of agriculture. Emissions are lower for feedlot …