Daily rhythms in behavior and physiology are programmed by a hierarchical collection of
biological clocks located throughout the brain and body, known as the circadian system …

Despite the generally held view that alcohol is an unspecific pharmacological agent, recent
molecular pharmacology studies demonstrated that alcohol has only a few known primary …

Aim Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep,
and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian …

Plasticity in the brain is important for learning and memory, and allows us to respond to
changes in the environment. Furthermore, long periods of stress can lead to structural and …

Understanding the psychological mechanisms and underlying neurobiology of relapse
behavior is essential for improving the treatment of addiction. Because the neurobiology of …

Affective disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective
disorder are associated with major disruptions in circadian rhythms. Indeed, altered …

Addiction is a widespread public health issue with social and economic ramifications.
Substance abuse disorders are often accompanied by disruptions in circadian rhythms …

Circadian rhythms are prominent in many physiological and behavioral functions. Circadian
disruptions either by environmental or molecular perturbation can have profound health …

Multiple neurochemical pathways are involved in mediating craving and relapse to alcohol.
Opioidergic and glutamatergic systems have a key role in alcoholism, as demonstrated by …

Objective: Circadian and stress-response systems mediate environmental changes that
affect alcohol drinking. Psychosocial stress is an environmental risk factor for alcohol abuse …