Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous progress in the molecular understanding of
osteoblasts, the main bone-forming cells in the vertebrate skeleton. In particular, all of the …

Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage
templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control …

During endochondral bone development, the first osteoblasts differentiate in the
perichondrium surrounding avascular cartilaginous rudiments; the source of trabecular …

In the past few years, our molecular understanding of bone formation has continued to
increase. This review aims to present a comprehensive view of the current state of …

Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key
roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects …

Abstract The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays many important roles in development,
homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The critical function of Hh signalling in bone formation has …

Postnatal bone marrow houses mesenchymal progenitor cells that are osteoblast
precursors. These cells have established therapeutic potential, but they are difficult to …

Wnt signaling affects both bone modeling, which occurs during development, and bone
remodeling, which is a lifelong process involving tissue renewal. Wnt signals are especially …

RUNX2 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte
maturation. SP7, another transcription factor, is required for osteoblast differentiation. Major …