Dendritic cells have the ability to efficiently present internalized antigens on major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules. This process is termed cross-presentation …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) eliminates misfolded or
unassembled proteins from the ER. ERAD targets are selected by a quality control system …

Rising interest in the mechanism and function of the proteasomes and the ubiquitin system
revealed that it is hard to find any aspect of the cellular metabolic network that is not directly …

Biological protein pores and pore-forming peptides can generate a pathway for the flux of
ions and other charged or polar molecules across cellular membranes. In nature, these …

The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of nucleated human cells harbors the
protein translocon, which facilitates membrane integration or translocation of almost every …

The heterotrimeric Sec61 complex and the dimeric Sec62/Sec63 complex are located in the
membrane of the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and play a central role in translocation …

Protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the first and decisive step in the
biogenesis of most extracellular and many soluble organelle proteins in eukaryotic cells. It is …

The peroxisomal protein import machinery differs fundamentally from known translocons
(endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, bacteria) as it allows membrane …

Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a highly toxic protein secreted by the opportunistic
pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The modular structure and corresponding mechanism …

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements reveal that a transmembrane
sequence within a nascent membrane protein folds into a compact conformation near the …