A review of aerodynamics research connected to sport projectiles is presented here. The
review's focus is on work conducted in the current millennium, though deference is made to …

Biomechanics investigation on soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) has a relatively long
history. Until now, there have been 43 SSTs identified. Yet, the body of biomechanical …

Soccer balls are typically constructed from 32 pentagonal and hexagonal panels. Recently,
however, newer balls named Cafusa, Teamgeist 2 and Jabulani were respectively produced …

Recently, the shape and design of the panel on the official ball used in the FIFA World Cup
was considerably different from that of a conventional soccer ball (having 32 pentagonal and …

A traditional soccer ball is constructed using 32 pentagonal and hexagonal panels. In recent
years, however, the likes of the Teamgeist and Jabulani balls, constructed from 14 and 8 …

This review describes and classifies the trajectories of sports projectiles that have spherical
symmetry, cylindrical symmetry, or (almost) no symmetry. This classification allows us to …

The effect of a soccer ball's surface texture on its aerodynamics and flight trajectory is not
definitively known. For this study, five soccer balls were used, each having 32 panels with …

We consider the aerodynamics of football, specifically, the interaction between a ball in flight
and the ambient air. Doing so allows one to account for the characteristic range and …

The knuckleball is considered to be one of the hardest pitches to hit in baseball due to its
seemingly unpredictable motion. It has gained popularity in cricket in recent times. It is …

The purpose of this study is to analyze the swing characteristics of the kicking leg in order to
elucidate the technical mechanisms of the knuckling shot. The tendency to impact with the …