Graphical passwords have emerged as an alternative to traditional alphanumeric
passwords, offering potentially better memorability. However, they are often vulnerable to …

Nowadays, the graphical password has gained significant recognition and has become a
subject of extensive investigation within the research community. The proliferation of Internet …

Knowledge-based Authentication (KBA) is an authentication approach, which verifying the
user identity when accessing services such as finical websites. KBA requests specific …

User authentication is an essential component in nearly all electronic payment systems.
Authentication provides the foundation for a user, legal access control, and user …

Mobile devices are very important in our daily life nowadays. However, it has security
drawbacks particularly in device authentication. Conventional text-based passwords are …

Early diagnosis and accurate identification of acute diseases such as heart attacks are
crucial for effective control and management. Automated techniques utilizing machine …

Most typical authentication mechanisms in this digitized world use a username and
password to protect information. Two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanisms were …