The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion and in motivation, but the
relationship between these functions performed by these brain structures is not clear. To …

The brain mechanisms of fear have been studied extensively using Pavlovian fear
conditioning, a procedure that allows exploration of how the brain learns about and later …

Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are
traditionally viewed as being innately programmed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are …

Highlights•To avoid confusion the term 'emotion'should be restricted to conscious
experiences.•Several contemporary views conscious emotion are discussed in terms of …

I propose a reconceptualization of key phenomena important in the study of emotion—those
phenomena that reflect functions and circuits related to survival, and that are shared by …

Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory
experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially …

It is often said that fear is a universal innate emotion that we humans have inherited from our
mammalian ancestors by virtue of having inherited conserved features of their nervous …

Comprehensive reference on the nature of motivation and emotion, thoroughly updated with
the latest research and findings in the field Understanding Motivation and Emotion seeks to …

A model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first
instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs …

What happens in our brains to make us feel fear, love, hate, anger, joy? do we control our
emotions, or do they control us? Do animals have emotions? How can traumatic …