Immune checkpoint antagonists (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1) and CAR T-cell therapies
generate unparalleled durable responses in several cancers and have firmly established …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

Background Additional topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are needed that provide
relief while minimizing risks. Objective We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the inhibition of anti-tumor immune
responses. Understanding the mechanisms governing Treg homeostasis may therefore be …

These recommendations provide a data-supported approach. They are based on the
following:(1) formal review and analysis of the recently published world literature on the …

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are common clinical conditions that negatively impact health-
related quality of life and are linked to serious medical comorbidities. Disease mechanisms …

Apremilast, an oral small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), is in
development for chronic inflammatory disorders, and has shown efficacy in psoriasis …

This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a key second messenger in all cells. It is compartmentalized within
cells and its levels are controlled, as a result of spatially discrete signaling cassettes …

Background Long-term topical treatment is often required for atopic dermatitis (AD), a
chronic inflammatory skin disease. Objective To assess the long-term safety results from a …