In living cells, the biochemical processes such as energy provision, molecule synthesis,
gene expression, and cell division take place in a confined space where the internal …

Found in all domains of life, transporters belonging to the LeuT-fold class mediate the import
and exchange of hydrophilic and charged compounds such as amino acids, metals, and …

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are secondary-active
transporters that receive their substrates via a soluble-binding protein to move bioorganic …

Betaine and Na+ symport has been extensively studied in the osmotically regulated
transporter BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a member of the betaine/choline …

The choline–glycine betaine pathway plays an important role in bacterial survival in
hyperosmotic environments. Osmotic activation of the choline transporter BetT promotes the …

Ca 2+ homeostasis is essential for cell function and survival. As such, the cytosolic Ca 2+
concentration is tightly controlled by a wide number of specialized Ca 2+ handling proteins …

Transporting small molecules across cell membranes is an essential process in cell
physiology. Many structurally diverse, secondary active transporters harness …

Sodium-coupled substrate transport plays a central role in many biological processes.
However, despite knowledge of the structures of several sodium-coupled transporters, the …

Virgibacillus pantothenticus has been shown to synthesize the compatible solute ectoine in
response to high salinity or low growth temperature. We found that exogenously provided …

Bilayer lipids contribute to the stability of membrane transporters and are crucially involved
in their proper functioning. However, the molecular knowledge of how surrounding lipids …