1.1. Fluoride in Water Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life. Water is
certainly not free everywhere. However, chemical composition of surface or subsurface is …

Fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. Up to a small level (1–
1.5 mg/L) this strengthens the enamel. Concentrations in the range of 1.5–4mg/L result in …

Excessive intake of fluoride (F), mainly through drinking water, is a serious health hazard
affecting humans worldwide. There are several methods used for the defluoridation of …

The element fluorine has long been recognised to have benefits for dental health: low-
fluoride intake has been linked to development of dental caries and the use of fluoride …

Water is precious to us, as it supports every spheres of human life. The increasing reports on
pollution of this “sacred resource” from different sources show our scant regard to this pivotal …

Groundwater is the major source of drinking water supply in the bulk of African urban and
rural communities. However, groundwater in some parts of the African countries contains …

Drinking water samples were collected throughout the Ethiopian part of the Rift Valley,
separated into water drawn from deep wells (deeper than 60 m), shallow wells (< 60 m …

Low cost bentonite clay was chemically modified using magnesium chloride in order to
enhance its fluoride removal capacity. The magnesium incorporated bentonite (MB) was …

The present research contribution is pertaining to the surface modification of natural pumice
(NP) using aqueous solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O …

New geochemical data on dissolved major and minor constituents in 276 groundwater
samples from Etna aquifers reveal the main processes responsible for their geochemical …