Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recycle intracellular constituents, which
are essential for developmental and metabolic transitions; for efficient nutrient reuse; and for …

Autophagy is a process in which cellular components are delivered to lytic vacuoles to be
recycled and has been demonstrated to promote abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. Here, we …

De novo formation of the double-membrane compartment autophagosome is seeded by
small vesicles carrying membrane protein autophagy-related 9 (ATG9), the function of which …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Eukaryotes have evolved various quality control mechanisms to promote proteostasis in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Selective removal of certain ER domains via autophagy …

Autophagy is an intracellular process that facilitates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic
materials by the vacuole or lysosome in eukaryotes. This conserved process is achieved …

Exocytosis is a key mechanism for delivering materials into the extracellular space for cell
function and communication. In plant cells, conventional protein secretion (CPS) is achieved …

The endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are major plant organelles for
protein synthesis, photosynthesis, metabolism, and energy production. Protein homeostasis …

Stem cells in plants constantly supply daughter cells to form new organs and are expected to
safeguard the integrity of the cells from biological invasion. Here, we show how stem cells of …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism critical for plant acclimation to
environmental stresses. Central to autophagy is the formation of specialized vesicles, the …