Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been
studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable …

Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates
with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages …

Cytokines play a critical role in regulating host immune response toward cancer and
determining the overall fate of tumorigenesis. The tumor microenvironment is dominated …

Background Advanced prostate cancer remains one of the most common and deadly
cancers, despite advances in treatment options. Immunotherapy has provided little benefit to …

Background Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte antigen 4 to enhance antitumour immunity. Our aim was to assess the use of …

T-lymphocytes play a critical role in cancer immunity as evidenced by their presence in
resected tumor samples derived from long-surviving patients, and impressive clinical …

The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

Background The phase 3 trial CA184-043 evaluated radiotherapy to bone metastases
followed by Ipilimumab or placebo in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer …

Abstract Background This phase I/II study in patients with metastatic castration-resistant
prostate cancer (mCRPC) explored ipilimumab as monotherapy and in combination with …