Viruses must co-opt the cellular translation machinery to produce progeny virions.
Eukaryotic viruses have evolved a variety of ways to manipulate the cellular translation …

The diverse functional roles of RNA are determined by its underlying structure. Accurate and
comprehensive knowledge of RNA structure would inform a broader understanding of RNA …

The classical RNA secondary structure model considers A· U and G· C Watson–Crick as well
as G· U wobble base pairs. Here we substitute it for a new one, in which sets of nucleotide …

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is one of the multiple translational recoding
processes that fundamentally alters triplet decoding of the messenger RNA by the …

Ribosomal frameshifting is a mechanism of gene expression used by several RNA viruses to
express replicase enzymes. This article focuses on frameshifting in two human pathogens …

Retroviruses have evolved multiple strategies to direct the synthesis of a complex proteome
from a single primary transcript. Their mechanisms are modulated by a breadth of virus-host …

Protein synthesis by the ribosome is the final stage of biological information transfer and
represents an irreversible commitment to gene expression. Accurate translation of …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires a programmed− 1 ribosomal frameshift
for Pol gene expression. The HIV frameshift site consists of a heptanucleotide slippery …

The Gag–Pol polyprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the
precursor of the virus enzymatic activities and is produced via a programmed− 1 …

Recent studies have shown that simple stereochemical constraints encoded at the RNA
secondary structure level significantly restrict the orientation of RNA helices across two-way …