Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive
ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because of the oxidation of …

Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are
increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of …

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders
such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral …

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United
States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and …

OBJECT Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the
development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and other illnesses …

Recent clinical studies indicate that traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces chronic and
progressive neurodegenerative changes leading to late neurologic dysfunction, but little is …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death in the young age group and leads to
persisting neurological impairment in many of its victims. It may result in permanent …

Activated microglia and macrophages exert dual beneficial and detrimental roles after
central nervous system injury, which are thought to be due to their polarization along a …

A hallmark of schizophrenia pathophysiology is the dysfunction of cortical inhibitory GABA
neurons expressing parvalbumin, which are essential for coordinating neuronal synchrony …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on
severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic …