Migraine is an extremely disabling, common neurological disorder characterized by a
complex neurobiology, involving a series of central and peripheral nervous system areas …

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex, a
neural circuit through which the CNS can modulate peripheral immune responses. Signals …

Introduction Despite advances in the management of headache disorders, some patients
with migraine do not experience adequate pain relief with acute and preventive treatments. It …

Background Several neuromodulation methods exists for migraine treatment. The aim of the
present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized …

The role of the trigeminal system in facial and dural sensitivity has been recognized for a
long time. More recently, the trigeminal system has also been considered a prominent actor …

Background Dysfunction of the thalamocortical connectivity network is thought to underlie
the pathophysiology of the migraine. This current study aimed to explore the thalamocortical …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a technology that provides electrical stimulation to the
cervical vagus nerve and can be applied in the treatment of a wide variety of …

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), used
every other day, for the prevention of migraine. Background Preventive treatment is key to …

In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be
related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to …

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) underlined the urgent need for
alleviating cytokine storm. We propose here that activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory …