Abstract Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy principle
conceived for the incorporation of total product life-cycle (PLC) costs into production and …

Population growth, urbanization, and decarbonization efforts are collectively straining the
supply of limited resources that are necessary to produce batteries, electronics, chemicals …

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIB) are considered as a promising alternative to overcome existing
sustainability challenges related to Lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), such as the use of critical and …

Cobalt is considered a critical raw material. Global cobalt demand is expected to quadruple
in the next four decades, due primarily to lithium-ion battery demand. Uniquely, this study …

The consumption of most metals continues to rise following ever-increasing population
growth, affluence and technological development. Sustainability considerations urge greater …

Electronic products are an essential part of modern society, but their importance has
perhaps never been as palpable as when the COVID-19 pandemic forced almost every …

To be able to grow crops, we have interfered with Earth's reserves of one of top three
essential elements, phosphorus (P), as to which we face a problem related to its high …

Nickel is a critical metal due to its importance in social development with major applications
in both low-and high-tech aspects. Several studies have focused on nickel production and …

Electrification of future transport sector is important to reduce direct greenhouse gas
emissions and the burden on fossil fuels. The modern clean energy technologies, such as …

We examine the relationship between electric vehicle battery chemistry and supply chain
disruption vulnerability for four critical minerals: lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. We …