Particulate emissions from motor vehicles have received increased attention over the past
two decades owing to associations observed between ambient particulate matter (PM) …

Vehicle regulations include limits for non-volatile particle number emissions with sizes larger
than 23 nm. The measurements are conducted with systems that remove the volatile …

Light-duty vehicle emission regulation in the European Union requires the dilution of the
whole exhaust in a dilution tunnel with constant volume sampling prior to emission …

ABSTRACT A solid particle number limit was applied to the European legislation for diesel
vehicles in 2011. Extension to gasoline direct injection vehicles raised concerns because …

Fuel composition plays an important role on the particulate matter (PM) emissions formation
from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. In this study, the impacts of gasoline chemical …

The introduction of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment to meet stringent diesel
NO x emission standards around the world increases exhaust ammonia. Further to the direct …

All modern diesel vehicles in Europe are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and
their particle number (PN) emissions at the tailpipe are close to ambient air levels. After the …

The current study investigates the nonvolatile particle number emissions of three bi-fuel
passenger cars (Euro 6b, 6d-temp), which operate on compressed natural gas (CNG), as a …

In China particulate matter (PM) is the leading environmental risk factor to morbidity and
mortality, with transport being the main source of PM pollution in cities. China VI emission …

The latest generation of internal combustion engines may emit significant levels of sub-23
nm particles. The main objective of the Horizon 2020 “DownToTen” project was to develop a …