Replicated international studies have underscored the human and societal costs associated
with major depressive disorder. Despite the proven efficacy of monoamine-based …

The discovery of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant spurred significant research to
understand its underlying mechanisms of action and to identify other novel compounds that …

Background The glutamatergic modulator ketamine has created a blueprint for studying
novel pharmaceuticals in the field. Recent studies suggest that “classic” serotonergic …

The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many
depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic …

Background: Ketamine is central to one of the most rapidly growing areas of neuroscientific
research into novel treatments for depression. Limited research has indicated that the …

Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist which is increasingly being researched and
used as a treatment for depression. In low doses, it can cause a transitory modification in …

Although the etiology of major depressive disorder remains poorly understood, reduced
gamma oscillations is an emerging biomarker. Olfactory bulbectomy, an established model …

Introduction Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid mental disorders with marked sex
differences. Both disorders show altered activity in the amygdala, hippocampus, and …

For the past decade, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist, has
been considered a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Unlike the …

Over the past decade, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has demonstrated fast-
acting antidepressant effects previously unseen with monoaminergic-based therapeutics …