Ensemble simulations of climate models are used to assess the impact of climate change on
precipitation, and require downscaling at the local scale. Statistical downscaling methods …

The role of vertically integrated water vapor flux convergence (IVFC) in heavy rainfall events
in western Japan is investigated by dividing the atmosphere into a boundary layer and free …

This study highlights the importance of the diabatic process in the heavy rainfall events
(HREs) that are initiated on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau and move to the lower …

The measurement of global precipitation is important for quantifying and understanding the
Earth's systems. While gauges form the basis of conventional measurements, global …

Abstract East Asian atmospheric rivers (ARs) exhibit the most pronounced activity in summer
with significant impacts on monsoon rainfall. However, their occurrence mechanisms are yet …

Abstract The East Asian summer climate displays a marked change after the late 1990s. This
is principally due to a weakening of the Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern that was a …

The precipitation system and environment that caused the heavy rainfall event in July 2020
over Kyushu Island, Japan, were analyzed, with a focus on a hierarchical structure. The …

Baiu frontal depressions (BFDs) are the major cyclones that form and develop along baiu
fronts. The structure and environment of BFDs are examined using the Japanese 55-year …

Many fundamental concepts of synoptic-scale extratropical dynamics are based on the quasi-
geostrophic equations of a dry atmosphere. This “dry dynamics” provides the essential …

The influence of an upper-level trough on a Baiu frontal depression (BFD) that caused 11 a
heavy rainfall event in southern Kyushu, Japan, on July 4, 2020, was examined using 12 …