International trade contributes directly to global greenhouse gas emissions, as the carbon
content of high-emission products is priced differently in different countries. This …

CO2 emissions are unevenly distributed both globally and regionally within nation-states.
Given China's entrance into the new stage of economic development, an updated study on …

An essential part of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the proposal of mitigation
measures, whose effectiveness has a decisive influence on the magnitude of the residual …

This paper assesses the rationale, design and impact of border carbon adjustments (BCAs).
Large disparities in carbon pricing between countries raise concerns about competitiveness …

Climate change is a major global risk and a key driver for greenhouse gas emissions
reduction. Yet, firms' internal emissions reduction may create a leakage leading to higher …

This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon
adjustments (BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially matched by rebates …

Trade encourages economic expansion and improves welfare based on international
division of labor. However, trade also has an environmental footprint, particularly in the form …

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) moves atmospheric carbon to geological or land-based
sinks. In a first-best setting, the optimal use of CDR is achieved by a removal subsidy that …

С 2026 г. ЕС вводит механизм трансграничного углеродного регулирования (ТУР), в
рамках которого будет взиматься платеж за углеродоемкость импортируемых товаров …

According to the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, carbon
emissions are attributed to the producers of goods and services. This approach has been …