The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

Despite the tremendous progress in the theory, observation and prediction of El Niño over
the past three decades, the classification of El Niño diversity and the genesis of such …

Skill of Real-Time Seasonal ENSO Model Predictions during 2002–11: Is Our Capability
Increasing? in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Volume 93 Issue 5 (2012) …

Given two time series, can one faithfully tell, in a rigorous and quantitative way, the cause
and effect between them? Based on a recently rigorized physical notion, namely, information …

ENSO is the strongest interannual signal in the global climate system with worldwide
climatic, ecological and societal impacts. Over the past decades, the research about ENSO …

Network theory, as emerging from complex systems science, can provide critical predictive
power for mitigating the global warming crisis and other societal challenges. Here we …

Many climatic extremes around the globe, such as severe droughts and floods, can be
attributed to the periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific sea surface, termed the El Niño or …

The most important driver of climate variability is the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which can
trigger disasters in various parts of the globe. Despite its importance, conventional …

The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, has been shown to be autochthonous to
riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters along with its host, the copepod, a significant member …

Recent studies have started to explore coupled data assimilation (CDA) in coupled ocean–
atmosphere models because of the great potential of CDA to improve climate analysis and …