The binding of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to cell surface receptors engages multiple
signal transduction pathways, including three groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in
response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has …

The link between chronic inflammation and cancer involves cytokines and mediators of
inflammatory pathways. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS [endotoxin]) is the principal component of the outer membrane of
Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have elucidated how LPS is recognized by …

A wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in edible and medicinal
plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic …

Excessive inflammation is becoming accepted as a critical factor in many human diseases,
including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, infection …

There is increasing evidence that astrocytes play important roles in immune regulation in the
brain. Astrocytes express toll‐like receptors (TLR) and build up responses to innate immune …

Objective Neutrophils are an important component of the inflammatory response that
characterizes acute lung injury (ALI). This discussion aims to review the contribution of …

The inflammatory response is a highly regulated physiological process that is critically
important for homeostasis. A precise physiological control of inflammation allows a timely …

Chemoprevention has come of age as an effective cancer control modality; however, the
search for novel agent (s) for the armamentarium of cancer chemoprevention continues. We …