Low-Earth-Orbit Satellites and Robust Theory-Augmented GPS/Inertial-Navigation-System Tight Integration for Vehicle-Borne Positioning

S Zhang, R Tu, Z Gao, P Zhang, S Wang, X Lu - Electronics, 2024 - mdpi.com
Positioning by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a traditional and widely
used method. However, its performance is affected by the user environment, such as multi …

[HTML][HTML] Enhancing BDS-3 PPP-B2b real-time positioning performance by tightly integrating MEMS IMU and LiDAR in GNSS-Degraded environment

W Guo, L Li, D Zhao, F Zhu, L Lai - Measurement, 2025 - Elsevier
Currently, BDS-3 can provide satellite-based real-time precise point positioning (PPP)
service via its PPP-B2b signal. However, in a complex Global Navigation Satellite System …

LEO-Enhanced GNSS/INS Tightly Coupled Integration Based on Factor Graph Optimization in the Urban Environment

S Zhang, R Tu, Z Gao, D Zou, S Wang, X Lu - Remote Sensing, 2024 - mdpi.com
Precision point positioning (PPP) utilizing the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is
a traditional and widely employed technology. Its performance is susceptible to observation …

A Novel Array Calibration Method to Enhance Localization for Intelligent Vehicles

L Du, W Chen, X Yan, J Ji, B Tong… - 2024 IEEE Intelligent …, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Vehicle localization plays an important role in effectively perceiving location information for
intelligent vehicles. In this paper, a novel array calibration method for intelligent vehicle …

Can the low earth orbit enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS) achieve the expected Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions in urban canyons?

Y Zheng, B Li, H Ge - Journal of Spatial Science, 2025 - Taylor & Francis
ABSTRACT Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are expected to improve Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) by providing rapid geometric …

Comprehensive evaluation of real-time uncombined-PPP/INS tightly coupled integration with BDS− 3 PPP− B2b service in urban environments

W Li, C Pan, J Gao, Z Li, Z Tao - Measurement Science and …, 2025 - iopscience.iop.org
The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) employs the PPP-B2b signal as a
data broadcast channel through geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, enabling the real …