A biomarker is a molecular target analyzed in a qualitative or quantitative manner to detect
and diagnose the presence of a disease, to predict the outcome and the response to a …

Breast cancer is a complex disease driven by multiple factors including both genetic and
epigenetic alterations. Recent studies revealed that abnormal gene expression induced by …

Promoter hypermethylation is gaining strength as one of the main mechanisms through
which tumor suppressor genes are silenced during tumor progression. Three tumor …

Background CpG hypermethylation in gene promoters is a frequent mechanism of tumor
suppressor gene silencing in various types of cancers. It usually occurs at early steps of …

Epigenetic biomarkers, such as DNA methylation, can increase cancer risk through altering
gene expression. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Network has demonstrated breast …

Cancer represents a leading cause of death in the developed countries. The past 50 years
have witnessed major progress in both laboratory medicine and clinical oncology that has …

Background Invasive surgery remains the standard for diagnosis of pathological nipple
discharge (PND). Only a minority of patients with nipple discharge and an unsuspicious …

Epigenetics plays a key role in cancer development. Genetics alone cannot explain sporadic
cancer and cancer development in individuals with no family history or a weak family history …

Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is one of the most common breast-related complaints for
referral because of its supposed association with breast cancer. The aim of this network …

The need for additional breast cancer screening tools is indisputably high, as one may
conclude from the high rate of interval malignancies in women undergoing regular …