Red mud (RM) is the major waste material with strong alkaline discharged which is during
the alumina extraction process. The global stock of RM has exceeded 4 billion tons and its …

Red mud is an industrial waste generated during alumina production containing residual
minerals of bauxite ore. Significant metallic values with appreciable concentration make it a …

Highlights•The different methods to utilise and recycle of bulk bauxite residue are reviewed.•
Demonstrated the red mud compositions and its disposal and environmental impact.•The …

The long-term storage of bauxite residue (red mud) is harmful to the environment and the
tailing ponds also cover large areas. At the moment there is no large-scale utilization of …

Increasing generation of electronic waste (e-waste) is a major concern for emerging rare
earth elements (REEs) pollution if not appropriately disposed of. Nevertheless, e-waste …

Red mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina, the feedstock for aluminium
production. With about 180 million tonnes produced per year, red mud has amassed to one …

In this study the functionalized ionic liquid betainium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
(HbetTf2N) has been applied directly on leaching bauxite residue, for achieving selective …

Aluminum demand has increased with modernization of our society. As the primary source
of aluminum is bauxite ore, this has resulted in more accumulation of bauxite residue. A …

This study proposed simultaneous utilization of red mud (RM) and flue gas residues (FGR)
as a partial replacement of traditional precursors and energy-intensive activators. Reaction …

Bauxite residue (red mud) that is generated from karst bauxite ores is rich in rare-earth
elements (REEs). The REEs can be recovered from bauxite residue by direct acid leaching …