Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is an adaptive process in which the throwing
shoulder experiences a loss of internal rotation (IR). GIRD has most commonly been defined …

Objective To determine the overall effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue
mobilization (IASTM) in improving range of motion (ROM), pain, strength, and patient …

The study aimed to assess the effects of compression trigger point therapy on the stiffness of
the trapezius muscle in professional basketball players (Part A), and the reliability of the …

Background: There is an association between throwing activity and glenohumeral internal
rotation deficit (GIRD). An 18° to 20° deficit has been adopted as the standard definition of …

Background The cross-body stretch and sleeper stretch are widely used for improving
flexibility of the posterior shoulder. These stretching methods were modified by Wilk …

Objective Arm injuries in baseball players are a common problem. The identification of
modifiable risk factors, including range of motion (ROM), is essential for injury prevention …

Abstract Purpose of Review Overhand (OH) throwers demonstrate a unique motion profile of
the shoulder joint complex. This manuscript reviews normal adaptations in the OH thrower …

Introduction: Although the lack of internal rotation (IR) and total range of motion (TRM) has
been identified as a significant contributing factor of shoulder injuries, our goal was to …

Abstract Purpose/Aim The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of IASTM on
cervical joint position error and pain in individuals with chronic neck pain. Methods A total of …

Objective To assess the effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM)
to other treatments or placebo in athletes or participants without extremity or spinal …