Old individuals are more susceptible to various infections due to immunological changes
that occur during the aging process. These changes named collectively as …

'Inflammaging'refers to the chronic, low-grade inflammation that characterizes aging.
Inflammaging is macrophage centered, involves several tissues and organs, including the …

Ageing of the global population has become a public health concern with an important socio-
economic dimension. Ageing is characterized by an increase in the concentration of …

The proteasome generates the epitopes presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class
I molecules that elicit CD8+ T cell responses. Reports of proteasome-generated spliced …

CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are a unique subset of helper T-cells, which
regulate immune response and establish peripheral tolerance. Tregs not only maintain the …

Owing to its memory and plasticity, the immune system (IS) is capable of recording all the
immunological experiences and stimuli it was exposed to. The combination of type, dose …

We propose in this review that hormesis, a concept profoundly and systematically addressed
by Mark Mattson, has to be considered a sort of comprehensive “contact point” capable of …

During the course of evolution, bacteria have developed an intimate relationship with
humans colonizing specific body sites at the interface with the body exterior and …

Human longevity is a complex trait, and to disentangle its basis has a great theoretical and
practical consequences for biomedicine. The genetics of human longevity is still poorly …

Given immunity's general role in the organism's economy—both in terms of its internal
environment as well as mediating its external relations—immune theory has expanded its …