Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Research on the psychology of learning has highlighted straightforward ways of enhancing
learning. However, effective learning strategies are underused by learners. In this Review …

Generative learning involves actively making sense of to-be-learned information by mentally
reorganizing and integrating it with one's prior knowledge, thereby enabling learners to …

Generative learning strategies are intended to improve students' learning by prompting them
to actively make sense of the material to be learned. But are they effective for all students …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of
effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are …

Educational practice does not, for the most part, rely on research findings. Instead, there'sa
preference for relying on our intuitions about what's best for learning. But relying on intuition …

A concept map is a node-link diagram in which each node represents a concept and each
link identifies the relationship between the two concepts it connects. We investigated how …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

Given the growing interest in retrieval practice among educators, it is valuable to know when
retrieval practice does and does not improve student learning—particularly for educators …