RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of
diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major innate immune cells that constitute up to
50% of the cell mass of human tumors. TAMs are highly heterogeneous cells that originate …

Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in
curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited …

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral
cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial …

Staphylococcus aureus is a member of the human commensal microflora that exists,
apparently benignly, at multiple sites on the host. However, as an opportunist pathogen it …

Macrophages are present in all vertebrate tissues, from mid-gestation throughout life,
constituting a widely dispersed organ system. They promote homeostasis by responding to …

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms
behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data …

The induction of a strong cytotoxic T cell response is an important prerequisite for successful
immunotherapy against many viral diseases and tumors. Nucleotide vaccines, including …

Solid tumors elicit a detectable immune response including the infiltration of tumor-
associated macrophages (TAMs). Unfortunately, this immune response is co-opted into …