American schools have become increasingly punitive and characterized by racial and ethnic
disparities in punishment outcomes. Scholarship on the causes and consequences of this …

ABSTRACT A variety of ways to detect questionable research practices in small sample
social science surveys have been discussed by a variety of authors. However, some of those …

The prevalence of harsh discipline policies and practices in schools negatively affects
students' abilities to academically and socially thrive (Brown, 2007; P. Noguera, 1995; Skiba …

Scholars have explored ways in which school shooting events have impacted students'
perception of safety. However, less is known on whether the effects of school shootings are …

There are racial and ethnic disparities in use of out-of-school suspensions within the United
States. The present study assessed for the presence of disproportionate suspension by race …

A dramatic transformation of school safety practices in American public schools has
occurred during the last four decades. Scholars have argued that exaggerated fears and …

Abstract On April 20, 1999, two Columbine High School students started a shooting
rampage, ultimately killing 12 students and one teacher, wounding 21 victims, then …

Racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes are a salient educational policy and equity issue.
Most of the research on school discipline focuses on teachers rather than school leaders …

Since the incorporation of student chronic absenteeism rates into state school accountability
systems after the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act, schools have adopted new …

Violent incidents in educational institutions involving mass deaths of students and teaching
staff cause wide public outcry and concern. In recent years on the territory of the Russian …