Abstract In February 2014, India's 14th Finance Commission added forest cover to the
formula that determines the amount of tax revenue the central government distributes …

Brazil is the first major developing country to pledge for absolute reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions. This article explores the extent to which fiscal policies could contribute to this …

The ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) from states to municipalities were adopted by 16 of the
26 Brazilian states since 1990s to stimulate and compensate districts for achieving some …

In many countries, the state owns or manages forests in the national interests of economic
development, ecosystem service provision or biodiversity conservation. A national approach …

RESUMO O principal marco legal para conservação em áreas privadas é o Código Florestal
que, entre outras regras, exige que as propriedades rurais mantenham uma parte de sua …

Success of centrally set environmental objectives requires the engagement of subnational
governments. However, they often do not have the capacities or the incentives to apply …

Ormanlar ve sulak alanların sağladığı ekolojik hizmetlerin önemi her geçen gün daha fazla
artmaktadır. Literatürde, bu hizmetlerin ekonomik kalkınmaya olan pozitif etkilerinin ne denli …

The costs of preserving forest cover are borne jurisdictionally, but the benefits accrue
externally. To compensate for this, the national government has paid an annual forest grant …

The purpose of this chapter is to fill the lacuna found in the literature with regard to
describing the role of EFTs for water conservation policies. The literature tells us that …

This thesis examines a Brazilian policy mechanism known as the Ecological ICMS (ICMS-E)
that compensates municipal governments for the local costs of conservation. Case studies …