Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the
gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host …

Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

Background Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been
observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links …

Intestine is always exposed to external environment and intestinal microorganism; thus it is
more sensitive to dysfunction and dysbiosis, leading to intestinal inflammation, such as …

The tryptophan metabolite kynurenine has critical immunomodulatory properties and can
function as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand. Here we show that the ability of T …

Increased activity of amino acid transporters has been observed in a wide variety of cancers.
However, whether amino acid metabolism is related to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) …

Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonise the human gut, and
certain species are recognised as the natural resident of human gut microbiota. Their …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction,
synovitis, and pannus formation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may exert direct pathogenic …

Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic
conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between …