As climate change is exacerbated and existing resources are depleted, the need for
sustainable industries becomes ever so important. Aviation is not an exception. Despite the …

There is currently a growing interest in the area of drag reduction of unmanned aerial
vehicles. In this paper, the swarming flight of the fixed-wing drones and a load balancing …

We quantify the fuel and cost benefits of applying extended formation flight to commercial
airline operations. Central to this study is the development of a bi-level, mixed-integer real …

A canonical study is developed to investigate the unsteady interactions of a streamwise-
oriented vortex impinging upon a finite surface using high-fidelity simulation. As a model …

Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been employed to investigate the far-field four-vortex
wake vortex evolution over 10min behind an aircraft formation. In formation flight scenarios …

Flying airplanes in extended formations, with separation distances of tens of wingspans,
significantly improves safety while maintaining most of the fuel savings achieved in close …

A numerical study is conducted to characterize the tip vortex unsteady evolution on a
rounded-tip NACA0012 wing of aspect ratio operating at a Reynolds number of R e= 2.0× 10 …

In 2017, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Armstrong Flight
Research Center (Edwards, California) conducted a series of flight experiments to explore …

An onboard LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensor designed to track wake vortex
created by aircraft in formation flight is presented. It uses short pulses (75 ns) to obtain a …

In a fuel-efficient extended formation flight of commercial airplanes, the aerodynamic
benefits depend on one's ability to surf wake vortices. This paper presents a wake vortex …