The comparison of the immunological state of pregnancy to an immunosuppressed host–
graft model continues to lead research and clinical practice to ill-defined approaches. This …

Several healthy developmental processes such as pregnancy, fetal development, and infant
development include a multitude of physiological changes: weight gain, hormonal, and …

Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop and modulate in
species abundance for about 3 years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During the …

BACKGROUND Fertility depends on a receptive state of the endometrium, influenced by
hormonal and anatomical adaptations, as well as the immune system. Local and systemic …

The colonization of the gut with microbes in early life is critical to the developing newborn
immune system, metabolic function and potentially future health. Maternal microbes are …

Over the past decade, the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function
and behavior in humans has become apparent. It has become clear that the placenta is not …

The vaginal microbiome plays an important role in maternal and neonatal health.
Imbalances in this microbiota (dysbiosis) during pregnancy are associated with negative …

Significant evidence supports an association between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and
preterm birth and preeclampsia. The virulence properties assigned to specific oral …

Objective Although a higher maternal body mass index is associated with preterm birth, it is
unclear whether excess gestational weight gain (GWG) or obesity drives increased risk. We …

Alterations of the human microbiome are a known characteristic of various inflammatory
disease states and have been linked to spontaneous preterm birth and other adverse …