Personalized treatment is ideal for multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to the heterogeneity of
clinical features, but current knowledge gaps, including validation of biomarkers and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most
enigmatic observations among the mosaic of autoimmunity. Sex hormones are believed to …

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic
susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex …

Relapses (episodic exacerbations of neurological signs or symptoms) are a defining feature
of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the most prevalent MS phenotype. While their …

Importance Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience an elevated risk of relapse after
giving birth. The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on postpartum risk of MS relapse is …

With evolving diagnostic criteria and the advent of new oral and parenteral therapies for MS,
most current diagnostic and treatment algorithms need revision and updating. The diagnosis …

Objective To determine the rate of relapse occurrence during pregnancy and postpartum.
Methods In a cross-sectional study using the national multiple sclerosis (MS) registry …

Objective To determine whether women with multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosed according to
current criteria are at an increased risk of postpartum relapses and to assess whether this …